Green Gage
A subcultivar of plum tree
(Prunus domestica n-subsp. italica)
(Prunus domestica n-subsp. italica)
History
The plum tree is a plum cultivar with a history dating back several centuries in France. It is said to have been obtained after the discovery of a plum tree imported from Asia, and to have received its name in honour of Claude de France, wife of François I. This cultivar was selected for its quality fruit and quickly established itself as one of the most popular varieties of table plums in France.
Origins
The greek plum belongs to the group of domestic plum trees (Prunus domestica) and, more specifically, to the subgroup « italica » sometimes called the Italian plum tree. Originally from Asia and then introduced to Europe about 500 years ago, its domestication is the result of complex crosses between wild species. The tradition of growing the greek plum has particularly developed in the temperate regions of France, where the climate and terroir favour the production of juicy and fragrant fruit
Orchard management
To successfully grow the greek plume, several technical points must be respected:
- Choice of site: Choose a location with optimal sunshine (full sun to partial shade) and protected from strong winds.
- Soil type: The greek plum adapts to a variety of soils, but prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soils – sand-lime soils give it excellent results.
- Spacing: Although some cultivars are self-fertile, it is advisable to plan for a reasonable density to facilitate pollination (often improved by the presence of a second cultivar) and to avoid crowding.
- Planting period: Planting is ideally done in autumn (or spring), so that the tree can establish itself before vegetation restarts.
La physiology
The plum tree is characterized by:
- Size and shape: This is a medium-sized tree, which can grow to 4 to 5 m in height. Its shape can be maintained in a bucket or in a high stem depending on the cultivation practices.
- Flowering: Flowering occurs in spring (March-April), with small clusters of white flowers, very popular with pollinating insects.
- Root system: Relatively shallow, it requires careful management of irrigation and mulching to conserve moisture.
Tree Management
For optimal production, the management of the plum plum tree is based on:
- Training pruning: From the first years, form a balanced framework by selecting 3 to 4 main branches well oriented, in order to ensure good ventilation and light in the canopy.
- Maintenance pruning: Carried out in frost-free winter, it consists of removing dead branches, suckers or those hindering the penetration of light.
- Pollination: Although some cultivars are self-fertile, the presence of another compatible plum tree (e.g. another greek variety or a mirabelle plum) can significantly improve yield.
Fruit Quality
The fruits of the greek plum are distinguished by:
- Appearance: Round to slightly oval in shape, they have a thin skin, generally green (sometimes with yellowish or pinkish shades depending on the variety).
- Texture and taste: The flesh is firm, juicy and partially detached from the pit, making them easier to eat. The taste combines sweetness with a hint of acidity, making them excellent table fruits and an ideal base for jams, pies or liqueurs.
- Nutritional value: Rich in vitamins (especially vitamin C) and antioxidants, they contribute to a healthy diet.
Plant Protection
The phytosanitary protection of the plum plum tree is based on several complementary practices:
- Regular monitoring: Check the tree frequently for signs of attack (aphids, codling moths, mealybugs) or symptoms of diseases such as moniliosis or rust early.
- Preventive treatments: The use of organic products (manure, copper-based porridge) and the application of healing putty after pruning help to strengthen the tree’s resistance.
- Cultural hygiene: Removing damaged or fallen fruit, collecting dead leaves and mulching can limit humidity and reduce the risk of infection.
- Pollination and bee protection: Although plum is relatively hardy, adhering to flowering periods and avoiding treatments during pollinating activity are essential to preserve bee activity, which plays a crucial role in fruit formation.
Harvest
The harvest of plums generally takes place in summer:
- Ripening period: Depending on the variety, the fruits ripen from the end of July to mid-September. It is important to pick plums at optimal ripeness to preserve their flavor and texture.
- Harvesting method: In professional orchards, mechanical systems (vibrators with tarpaulins) or manual picking are used. For direct consumption or artisanal processing, manual picking is preferable to avoid shocks that damage the fruit.
- Storage: Once harvested, plums should be handled with care. They are best kept in a cool place and should be eaten quickly in order to preserve their taste and nutritional quality.
